Population and Methods

The research combines identical interview studies of couple fertility, biological studies of semen quality and neonatal studies of reproductive hormone profiles in Greenland, Sweden, Poland and Ukraine. Uniformed study design and centralised laboratory analyses allow for pooled epidemiologic analyses.The populations have been collected because of the documented and appropriate exposure contrast and the measures of fertility have been selected to pick up a range of effects, to distinguish male from female effects and prenatal from adult unset effects.

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Some 2400 pregnant women are interviewed about their fertility and earlier pregnancies
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Examination of apoptotic markers may provide clues of whether certain toxicants have effects on spermatogenesis
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By the fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique we will determine the ratio between why Y or X chromosome bearing spermatozoa which may be disturbed by environmental chemicals
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The Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay uses flow cytometry to detect anomalies in the sperm chromatin, which may have bearings as to fertility and foetal development